Report on nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents (2020) From National Health Commission

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Just entering 2021, the nutritional status of Chinese residents has ushered in gratifying improvement. “The physical development and nutritional deficiencies of Chinese residents have continued to improve, and the differences between urban and rural areas have gradually narrowed. The dietary energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake of Chinese urban and rural residents are sufficient, and the intake of high-quality protein is increasing.” this is the report on nutrition and chronic diseases of Chinese residents (2020) (hereinafter referred to as the report) released on December 23, 2020 The latest data published.

According to Li Bin, deputy director of the National Health Commission, from 2015 to 2019, the National Health Commission organized the China Center for Disease Control and prevention, the National Cancer Center and the national cardiovascular disease center to carry out a new round of chronic disease and nutrition monitoring for Chinese residents, covering nearly 600 million people in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and cities) across the country. The number of on-site surveys exceeded 600000, which is representative of the country and the province, The report was prepared based on the monitoring results.

Chinese people generally “grow taller”. The report shows that the average height of Chinese adults continues to grow. The average height of men and women aged 18-44 is 169.7cm and 158.0cm respectively, an increase of 1.2cm and 0.8cm respectively compared with the results released in 2015. The height of boys and girls aged 6 ~ 17 increased in all age groups, with an average increase of 1.6cm and 1.0cm respectively.

The problem of undernutrition of children and adolescents has been continuously improved. The report shows that the growth retardation rate of children under the age of 6 has decreased to less than 7% and the low body weight rate has decreased to less than 5%, all of which have achieved the national planning goal of 2020. The growth retardation of rural children in China has been fundamentally improved, and the growth retardation rate of rural children under the age of 6 has decreased from 11.3% in 2015 to 5.8%; The growth retardation rate of children and adolescents aged 6 ~ 17 decreased from 4.7% to 2.2%.

Micronutrient deficiency decreased significantly in the population. According to the report, taking anemia as an example, the monitoring results show that the anemia rate of residents aged 18 and over is 8.7%, that of children and adolescents aged 6-17 is 6.1%, and that of pregnant women is 13.6%, which is significantly lower than the results released in 2015.

Residents’ health awareness has gradually increased. The report shows that in recent years, the smoking rate, second-hand smoke exposure rate and regular drinking rate of residents have decreased. Household salt reduction has achieved results, with 9.3 grams of cooking salt per capita per day, a decrease of 1.2 grams compared with 2015. Residents’ attention to their health is also increasing, and the proportion of people who regularly measure health indicators such as weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid has increased significantly.

Premature mortality from major chronic diseases decreased. The level of premature mortality caused by chronic diseases is an important indicator to evaluate the level of prevention and control of chronic diseases in a country and region. The World Health Organization defines death aged 30 ~ 70 as “premature death”. According to the report, in 2019, the premature death rate caused by four kinds of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, was 16.5% in our country. That is, the probability that each person died of four kinds of major chronic diseases at 30~70 years old was 16.5%, which was 2 percentage points lower than that of 18.5% in 2015, with a decrease of 10.8%. Achieve the national planning goal of 2020 ahead of schedule. At the same time, the labor loss caused by chronic diseases is significantly reduced.

In addition, the report shows that Chinese residents still have some prominent nutritional problems, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

The rate of overweight and obesity among residents continued to rise. The report shows that the average weight of adult men and women is 69.6kg and 59kg respectively, an increase of 3.4kg and 1.7kg respectively compared with the results published in 2015. The overweight and obesity rates of urban and rural residents of all age groups continued to rise. The overweight and obesity rates of residents aged 18 and over were 34.3% and 16.4% respectively; The overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6 ~ 17 were 11.1% and 7.9% respectively, and the overweight and obesity rates of children under 6 were 6.8% and 3.6% respectively.

Unhealthy lifestyles are common among residents. The report shows that the energy supply ratio of dietary fat continues to rise, and the recommended upper limit of 30% has been exceeded in rural areas for the first time; The daily cooking salt and oil consumption per capita is still much higher than the recommended value, while the consumption of fruits, beans, bean products and milk is insufficient. At the same time, the proportion of residents dining out is increasing. Attention should be paid to the oil and salt in canteens, restaurants and processed food. The problem of children and adolescents often drinking sugary drinks has become prominent. The smoking rate of people over 15 years old and the drinking rate of adults within 30 days are more than one quarter. In addition, some key areas and key groups, such as infants, women of childbearing age and the elderly, still need to pay attention to the lack of important micronutrients.

The problem of insufficient physical activity of residents is widespread. The report shows that with the general reduction of residents’ occupational labor intensity, the increasing convenience of travel, the obvious reduction of housework and the popularization of electronic products, the problem of insufficient physical activity of residents is widespread. At the same time, the proportion of active exercise among residents is not high, and less than a quarter of adults take physical exercise at least once a week.

Zhao Wenhua, chief expert of nutrition at the China Center for Disease Control and prevention, said that unhealthy lifestyles have a great impact on the occurrence of overweight and obesity. The monitoring results show that more than 50% of adult residents in China are overweight and obese, nearly 20% of children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 17, and 10% of children under the age of 6. On the one hand, the dietary structure of Chinese residents is unreasonable; On the other hand, the general increase of residents’ static life time leads to the reduction of energy consumption, and the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure is the direct cause of individual overweight and obesity. Li Bin said that in view of these still existing nutritional problems, the next step will promote the implementation of healthy China’s rational diet action and national nutrition plan to actively respond to them.

The incidence rate of chronic diseases is increasing, and 88.5% of deaths are due to chronic diseases. Li Bin reminded that with the continuous growth of per capita life expectancy of residents, the continuous extension of the survival time of patients with chronic diseases, coupled with the accelerated process of population aging, urbanization and industrialization and the impact of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors on the incidence of chronic diseases, the base number of patients with chronic diseases in China will continue to expand, and the proportion of deaths due to chronic diseases will continue to increase.

According to the report, deaths caused by chronic diseases accounted for 88.5% of the total deaths in China in 2019, including 80.7% of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The incidence rate of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer incidence increased compared with 2015. The prevalence rate of hypertension in China was 18, and the prevalence of diabetes was 11.9%, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 8.2%, and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 40 in residents aged above 40 years and above in China. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 11.9%. Compared with the results released in 2015, they have increased. The prevention and control of chronic diseases in China still faces great challenges. More reading: nutrition and chronic disease status of Chinese residents in 2020 cbndata: why do we love “magic nvxia” more? International top issue PNAs: people who love to make friends are more likely to live longer NOAA: July 2019 was found to be the hottest month on record. National human resources and social security: the minimum wage standard across the country in 2019 is the highest in Shanghai. In China, it is not enough to grasp only one right and health. Caixin Media & BBD: Yili consumption upgrading index report in May 2018 (with download) WTW: 2017 global welfare status survey report (attached with download) tuhu car maintenance: 2018 online maintenance behavior report of Chinese automobile users yuanzhuo: insight into China’s daily chemical consumer goods industry (attached with download) freedom Research Institute: rent report of graduates in 10 cities in 2021. The cost survey of 60 square meters houses in cities around the world shows that 1 / 4 people suffer from “low battery anxiety disorder” Weiheng Agriculture: data analysis of national famous, special and high-quality new agricultural products in 2020 (with download) China Institute of urban planning and Design: 2020 report on China’s urban prosperity and vitality (with download)

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