Blowing air conditioning is not only cool, but also can lose weight From Nature sub Journal

The following is the Blowing air conditioning is not only cool, but also can lose weight From Nature sub Journal recommended by recordtrend.com. And this article belongs to the classification: Life data.

With the improvement of living standards, “obesity / overweight” has become the main problem that puzzles most of our food. Obesity is related to many non communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer, and has become a major health problem in the world.

“Sweating like rain, burning fat” has become the “gold standard” for many obese people to lose weight.

However, is this “fever all over” weight loss method really healthy?

Recently, Zeng Yuhua’s team from Harvard Medical School published a research paper entitled “Brown adult tissue derived mar2 contributions to cold induced resolution of inflammation” in nature metabolism. In this paper, researchers found that hypothermia can produce lipid molecule maresin 2 (mar2) through brown adipose tissue (BAT) to reduce the inflammation caused by obesity, increase insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese mice, and provide a new method and strategy for the treatment of obesity.

During the development of obesity, immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes will gradually accumulate in insulin sensitive tissues and interfere with insulin signals in the body, while releasing pro-inflammatory factors (such as tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）、 Interleukin 1 β （IL-1 β）） Produce chronic inflammation, causing metabolic disorders. This is the main way that obesity damages our health.

In the process of chronic inflammation caused by obesity, our body will also produce a corresponding process of resistance. This “inflammatory regression” process is achieved through specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPM is an enzyme derived from essential fatty acids, which plays a role in inhibiting inflammatory response and promoting inflammation regression in the process of tissue inflammation regression. A large number of studies have shown that there is a correlation between chronic inflammation caused by obesity and SPM synthesis disorders. The lipid molecule maresin 2 (mar2) is a kind of SPM, and its role in the inflammatory process of obesity remains to be studied.

Studies have shown that hypothermia can improve human insulin sensitivity, but its mechanism has not been fully clarified. Cold stimulation can stimulate brown adipose tissue to produce heat. However, its role in chronic inflammation caused by obesity remains to be studied.

Fig.1 Cold exposure reduces inflammation and insulin resistance and improves glucose tolerance in DIO mice.

To explore whether hypothermia can improve chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders caused by obesity. The researchers first raised obese mice (DIO) and normal mice in cold (5 ℃) and hot (30 ℃) for 7 days. The results showed that low temperature significantly reduced the weight of male mice in both groups, which may be due to the reduction of fat and liver weight. And low temperature significantly improved the blood glucose and insulin levels of mice increased by high-fat diet, and reduced the high TNF induced by high-fat diet- α Levels (major pro-inflammatory factors). These results also have the same results in female mice, indicating that there is no gender difference in the improvement of obesity inflammation by hypothermia.

Fig.2 Cold resolves obesity-induced inflammation in BAT and liver of DIO mice.

Then, to determine whether weight loss affected insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and inflammation after 7 days of hypothermia. The researchers conducted another short-term low-temperature test. The results showed that hypothermia improved obesity inflammation and insulin resistance before weight loss, which was not affected by weight changes.

Further, the researchers explored whether hypothermia improved obesity inflammation is related to specific tissues and organs. The results showed that the 14 week high-fat diet produced severe inflammation in the adipose tissue and liver of mice. Inflammation in white adipose tissue is the main site. Inflammation and macrophages overexpress adgre1 (f4/80), CCL2, CCR2, itgax (CD11c), TNF- α And II1 β Isogenic correlation. Although hypothermia improved most of the systemic inflammation caused by obesity, it had no effect on epididymis and inguinal white adipose tissue. Moreover, the improvement effect of hypothermia is not because it changes the inflammatory reaction in white adipose tissue, but because there are other mechanisms.

Fig.3 Cold increases DHA-derived MaR2 and related structural isomers in BAT and liver of DIO mice. a, Schematic of the MaR2 biosynthetic

In addition, researchers also found that low temperature can reduce TLR2 and TGF β 1 to reduce the process of liver fibrosis. This process is achieved by reducing triglyceride levels and other fat synthesis genes in the liver of mice. Through comparison, researchers found that the process of low temperature reducing liver inflammatory response is before the change of liver lipid accumulation.

Fig.4 BAT secretes MaR2 isomers in circulation

Through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, researchers found that low temperature increased DHA derived mar2 and its isomers in brown adipose tissue and liver. Further, the researchers made a quantitative analysis of the production of maresin pathway in the liver. The results showed that low temperature increased the products of mar2 pathway in brown adipose tissue and protected the liver. More experimental results showed that these reactions occurred in brown adipose tissue rather than the liver.

Fig.5 BAT-specific loss of Alox12 increases inflammation in the CRE/Alox12-KD obese male mice using UCP1CRE and CRISPR-C

Finally, the researchers verified the above results in human volunteers. The results showed that low temperature could stimulate the activated brown adipose tissue to secrete the products of maresin pathway into the circulation of mice and humans. These results were consistent with the experimental results of mice.

To sum up, this study shows us a treatment method that can realize the verification of obesity resistance only through physical form. This strategy is simple and has no side effects. Compared with the current commonly used immunosuppressants, it has great application prospects.

Of course, this study also provides a strong theoretical support for the majority of “fat people” to blow air conditioners in summer!

reference:

1.Endle, et al. AgRP neurons control feeding behaviour at cortical synapses via peripherally derived lysophospholipids. Nat Metab 4, 683–692 (2022).

From: biological Valley

Read more: Nature: scientists develop new technologies that can treat HIV infection with a single injection. Nature: cancer cells carrying the same genome may behave differently! Pans: turn on the light when sleeping, be careful to aggravate the risk of heart disease and diabetes! Nature: the more you exercise, the smarter you are! Nature: the culprit of weight gain after quitting smoking may lie in intestinal microorganisms. Nature: reversing immune aging, preventing the death of covid-19 in the elderly, and oral new drugs bring hope. University of Electronic Science and technology: research has found that excessive addiction to wechat leads to structural changes in brain regions related to addiction. How can big data enter enterprises inherit the traditional data processing method? Mashable: 30 social innovative products that changed the world in 2017, fried chicken with coke, A natural couple? New research shows that high fat and high sugar can cause heavy casualties of islet cells! New discoveries by Chinese scientists! Camptothecin, an anti-tumor drug, may be expected to be a “sharp weapon” for the treatment of obesity! Mobile phone radiation may cause health problems. These suggestions are worth referring to the resolution Foundation: research shows that one-third of young people fear renting for a lifetime. Resolution Foundation: 2018 UK housing improvement report resolution Foundation: 2017 UK housing purchase survey report for generations

If you want to get the full report, you can contact us by leaving us the comment. If you think the information here might be helpful to others, please actively share it. If you want others to see your attitude towards this report, please actively comment and discuss it. Please stay tuned to us, we will keep updating as much as possible to record future development trends.

RecordTrend.com is a website that focuses on future technologies, markets and user trends. We are responsible for collecting the latest research data, authority data, industry research and analysis reports. We are committed to becoming a data and report sharing platform for professionals and decision makers. We look forward to working with you to record the development trends of today’s economy, technology, industrial chain and business model.Welcome to follow, comment and bookmark us, and hope to share the future with you, and look forward to your success with our help.