Can Mozart’s music cure disease? New research adds evidence

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Epilepsy affects about 0.64% of people in the world. Seizures and adverse reactions of antiepileptic drugs have caused serious neurological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences, all of which seriously damage the quality of life of patients and consume huge social costs. Despite recent advances in treatment, antiepileptic drugs and alternative therapies (steroids, gamma globulin, ketogenic diet, surgery) are still ineffective in about 30% of people. So we need to be open to other therapies: it is important that they can be tested and proved to be effective.

Mozart effect was first established in 1993. It initially refers to the enhancement of brain function when listening to Mozart’s double Piano Sonata K448 in D major. Since then, many forms of music have been shown to be beneficial to neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, dementia, sleep disorders, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

In September 2021, a study published in the scientific report, musical components important for the Mozart K448 effect in epilepsy, found that listening to Mozart’s double Piano Sonata (K448) in D major for at least 30 seconds was related to the decrease of epilepsy related peak frequency in the brain of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The study also shows that the positive emotional response to K448 may contribute to its therapeutic effect.

Source: doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95922-7

Robert Quon and colleagues at Geisel medical school in Dartmouth, USA, used an electroencephalograph (EEG) to measure the electrical activity of the brain of 16 adults with drug-resistant epilepsy when listening to a series of music clips (15 to 90 seconds, including K448).

The authors found that listening to K448 for 30 to 90 seconds was associated with an average reduction of 66.5% in the number of spikes of epilepsy related electrical activities in the whole brain, but other music clips had no such effect. The authors found that this decrease was most in the left and right prefrontal cortex, which was involved in the regulation of emotional response. The researchers also observed that when subjects listened to the end of a long and repeated Music Festival in K448, one was called θ The electrical activity of wave increased in its prefrontal cortex. Past studies have suggested that, θ Activity or relating to a positive emotional response to music.

The authors hypothesized that only listening to K448 for 30 seconds could activate the brain network related to the positive emotional response to music and regulated by the prefrontal lobe. They believe that activating these networks may help to reduce the spike of epilepsy related electrical activity in the brain of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Experimental structure and verification method

In 2020, a new comprehensive analysis on the impact of Mozart’s music on epilepsy also confirmed that listening to his piano music can reduce the frequency of seizures.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.03.039

Dr. Gianluca sesso and Dr. Federico sicca from the University of Pisa in Italy found that listening to Mozart’s music, especially Mozart’s music every day, It can significantly reduce the number of seizures (an average reduction of 31% to 66%, but it varies from person to person and from the music stimulation used). At the same time, it also reduces the frequency of abnormal brain activity in patients with epilepsy (intermittent epileptic discharge, common in patients with epilepsy). These effects can be seen after a single treatment and can also be maintained after long-term treatment.

However, in order to use this method clinically, we should better understand the exact mechanism of the effect of Mozart music on brain regions.

In the past, the double Piano Sonata K448 and K545 have been used most in the study of Mozart effect.

All different cultures have music, which can meet some psychological needs. Obviously, other music may have similar effects, but in the fight against epilepsy, Mozart’s Sonata may have a unique rhythmic structure, which is especially suitable for action.

Although the mechanism is not well understood, the evidence of the effectiveness of music in combating epilepsy still brings hope. The view of music therapy as a safe and effective treatment also paves the way for the development of new medical devices for non-invasive and non-drug intervention. This application may not be limited to neurological diseases in the future.

In view of the promising prospect of music therapy, more than 20 music therapy organizations have been born all over the world. Including the United States, Germany, Argentina, Australia and other countries and regions have established music therapy associations respectively. The International Music Therapy Association includes the world music therapy Federation, the European music therapy Federation, etc. They have developed music therapy into a mature health specialty, using music in therapeutic relationships to meet individual physical, emotional, cognitive and social needs.

But in the future, we still need more consistent research to verify the impact of music on diseases. The therapeutic potential of music and the most effective scheme need to be further defined.

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