Research reveals why many smokers do not develop lung cancer From Nature Genetics

The following is the Research reveals why many smokers do not develop lung cancer From Nature Genetics recommended by recordtrend.com. And this article belongs to the classification: Life data.

As we all know, smoking is harmful to health and is the main pathogenic factor of lung cancer. But in fact, only a few smokers have lung cancer. Why? A study published in Nature Genetics on April 11 suggests that some smokers may have a powerful mechanism to protect them from lung cancer by limiting mutations. This finding may help identify and closely monitor smokers who face a higher risk of cancer.

“This may be an important step towards preventing and detecting the risk of early lung cancer, so as to help avoid the huge efforts to combat advanced cancer, because most of the medical expenditure and pain occur at this stage.” Simon spivack, a senior co-author of the study and a professor at Albert Einstein School of medicine in the United States, said.

It has long been believed that smoking can cause DNA mutations in normal lung cells, leading to lung cancer.

“But previously, this view could not be confirmed because people could not accurately quantify mutations in normal cells.” Said Jan vijg, a professor at Albert Einstein School of medicine and co senior author of the study.

Previous single-cell whole genome sequencing technology will introduce some sequencing errors that are difficult to distinguish from real mutations, which is a serious defect in the analysis of cells containing rare and random mutations.

In 2017, vijg developed a new sequencing technology called single cell multiple displacement amplification (scmda). This technology can reduce sequencing errors.

Researchers at Albert Einstein Medical School recruited two groups of non-cancer patients undergoing bronchoscopy. One group was 14 people aged 11 to 86 who never smoked, and the other group was 19 smokers aged 44 to 81 who smoked up to 116 packs of cigarettes a year (a pack of cigarettes a year equals one pack of cigarettes a day for a year), The mutation patterns of normal lung epithelial cells of the two groups were compared by scmda.

“Among all lung cell types, lung epithelial cells are the most prone to canceration. They can survive for years or even decades, so they will mutate with age and smoking.” Spivack said.

The researchers found that mutations (single nucleotide mutations and small insertions and deletions) accumulated in non-smokers’ lung cells with age, while significantly more mutations were found in smokers’ lung cells.

“This experiment confirms the long-standing hypothesis that smoking does increase the frequency of mutations and thus the risk of lung cancer. This may be one of the reasons why few non-smokers develop lung cancer and 10% to 20% of lifelong smokers develop lung cancer.” Spivack said.

In addition, the number of cell mutations detected in lung cells will increase linearly with the increase of smoking years (it is speculated that the risk of lung cancer also increases). Interestingly, the increase in cell mutations stopped after 23 pack years.

“The most smokers don’t have the highest mutation load.” “Our data show that these people survived so long in heavy smoking because they succeeded in inhibiting further mutation accumulation. The mutation may be stabilized because they have skilled systems to repair DNA damage or eliminate cigarette smoke toxins,” spivack said

The above findings lead to a new research direction. “We expect to develop detection methods that can measure an individual’s ability to repair or detoxify DNA, which may provide a new method for assessing an individual’s risk of lung cancer.” Vijg said.

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