The Antarctic sea ice area is 30% less than the average area, setting a record low From NIPR&JAXA

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According to a recent report by the national Polar Research Institute (NIPR) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Antarctic sea ice area has reached the smallest area record since satellite monitoring began in 1978. The satellite data used in this survey can be found on the Arctic data archive system (ads) website.

Similar to lakes, the sea water in the frigid Antarctic region freezes in winter and thaws in spring. As expected, the amount of sea ice fluctuates seasonally, increasing in winter and decreasing in summer. However, contrary to expectations, the recent global warming has not directly led to the reduction of sea ice in the Antarctic region. This is because different regions have undergone different complex changes due to global warming, and the sea ice production in some regions has increased. It is important to understand how the sea ice area in each region changes over time for many reasons, including how it affects the economy (by affecting the flow of the ocean) and how to understand the impact of global warming.

NIPR and JAXA visualize the temporal and spatial changes of Antarctic and Arctic sea ice area and publish data on the Arctic data archive system (ads) website as one of the activities of Arctic sustainability challenge II (arcs II). These data are based on JAXA’s global change observation mission – water “Shizuku” (gcom-w). In the gcom-w satellite observation data, the research team found a characteristic change in the data of sea ice area around the Antarctic continent in February 2022, that is, summer.

“Surprisingly, the sea ice area on February 20, 2022 was 2.218 million square kilometers, the smallest observed in more than 40 years,” said Hironori yabuki, a project professor at NIPR. “This is found by comparing the long-term data since 1978, combined with several satellite observations. Compared with the average minimum area of 2.902 million square kilometers from 2012 to 2021, this is also a minimum (73.3%).”

“This time, according to the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 (amsr2) on gcom-w The phenomenon of the smallest sea ice area has been found. However, we know that the role of sea ice in the global environment varies with ice thickness, surface conditions and drift conditions. At present, this information can only be obtained from field observations, but JAXA is developing a method to estimate this information from satellite observation data. For this development, it is necessary to accumulate information about how the actual state of sea ice in the Antarctic region is reflected in satellite observation data. Therefore, field observation becomes more critical, “project professor yabuki said.

JAXA is also preparing to launch a new satellite, the global greenhouse gas and water cycle observation satellite (gosat-gw), which will carry amsr3, the successor of amsr2.

Yabuki project professor said: “this new method and satellite will allow comprehensive analysis with more advanced sea ice cover.”

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