World food security and nutrition report 2021 From UN health and hygiene
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The report “world food security and nutrition status” jointly released by several UN agencies today points out that the world’s hunger situation will worsen sharply in 2020, with the most significant increase in the number of hungry people in Africa. The impact of COVID-19 may be the main reason for this situation. Last year, about one tenth of the world’s population faced a shortage of food. This figure shows that countries need to make great efforts to realize their commitment to eliminate hunger by 2030.
The report is the first such global assessment released after the outbreak of COVID-19. The report is jointly issued by the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for agricultural development, the United Nations Children’s fund, the World Food Programme and the World Health Organization.
Specific data
The report says that around 2015, hunger has begun to rise, reversing the hope of sustainable elimination of hunger. Worryingly, in 2020, both in absolute terms and in proportion, the number of hungry people is increasing sharply, exceeding the population growth rate: it is estimated that the incidence of food shortage last year was about 9.9%, higher than 8.4% in 2019.
More than half of the people with insufficient food are concentrated in Asia; More than one third are in Africa; And a small part of it is in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, Africa is the region with the largest increase in hunger, with 21% of the population under fed, more than twice as many as other regions.
The incidence of moderate or severe food insecurity has soared in the past year, equivalent to the total increase in the past five years. Gender inequality continues to deepen: in 2020, the ratio of men to women suffering from food insecurity is 1:1.1.
Various forms of malnutrition are still widespread and children are seriously affected. In 2020, it is estimated that there will be more than 149 million children under the age of five who are stunted or whose height is not up to standard; More than 45 million children under the age of five are emaciated or underweight; Nearly 39 million children under five are overweight. Nearly one third of women of childbearing age suffer from anemia.
The situation in Asia is not optimistic
More than half of the world’s people with less than enough food, about 418 million, live in Asia. Compared with 2019, the number of hungry people in Asia will increase by 57 million in 2020.
More than nine out of ten stunted children, nine out of ten skinny children and seven out of ten overweight children live in Africa and Asia. The majority of children under the age of five who suffer from malnutrition live in Africa and Asia.
The main factors of food insecurity
The report points out that in many parts of the world, COVID-19 has caused a severe recession and endanger food acquisition. However, even before the outbreak, hunger began to spread; Efforts to tackle malnutrition are lagging behind. Countries facing conflict, extreme climate or economic recession, or severe inequality, are often more severe. The report points out that all these problems are the main causes of food insecurity, and food insecurity will aggravate the severity of these problems.
The report estimates that, according to the current trend, nearly 660 million people are still hungry before achieving the goal of “zero hunger” by 2030. Among them, about 30 million people may be affected by the epidemic.
Previous reports have stressed that hundreds of millions of people, including children, are facing the risk of food insecurity. Unfortunately, the epidemic continues to expose problems in the food system, which threaten the lives and livelihoods of people around the world, the heads of five UN agencies said in the foreword of this year’s report.
Despite high expectations for the momentum of strengthening the diplomatic field, the heads of the five agencies stressed that the world is at a “critical juncture”: the upcoming UN food system summit, the nutrition for growth summit and the 26th conference of the parties on climate change bring precious opportunities this year, We hope to make progress in food security and nutrition through the transformation of food system.
They said that the results of these meetings “will continue to promote the development of the second half of the UN Decade for action on nutrition”. At present, this global policy commitment has not yet entered the stage of big step implementation.
The way out
This year’s report further outlines the six “transformation approaches” and points out that in order to succeed, it is necessary to develop a set of “coordinated policies and investment portfolio” to deal with the many adverse factors that cause hunger and malnutrition.
The report urges policy makers to take the following actions:
Integrating humanitarian, development and peace building policies in conflict affected areas
Strengthening the climate resilience of food system
Strengthen the ability of the most vulnerable groups to cope with the economic downturn
Intervention measures should be taken in the food supply chain to reduce the cost of nutritious food
Addressing poverty and structural inequality
Strengthen food environment and change consumer behavior
The report also calls for creating a “favorable governance mechanism and institutional environment” to make transformation possible. The report requires policy makers to widely solicit opinions; Empowering women and youth; Further provide data and new technology.
Most importantly, the report urges the world to take immediate action. Otherwise, the negative factors leading to hunger and malnutrition will come back again, and the momentum will be more intense. It will also have a long-term impact after the end of COVID-19.
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