In 2022, the national university funding ranking was released. Tsinghua added another 4.5 billion yuan and ranked second with 10.1 billion yuan

The following is the In 2022, the national university funding ranking was released. Tsinghua added another 4.5 billion yuan and ranked second with 10.1 billion yuan recommended by recordtrend.com. And this article belongs to the classification: Chinese economy.

Soon, it will be the day when the national colleges and universities’ funds for 2022 will be made public. This year, Tsinghua University still ranks first, with a budget of 36.2 billion yuan, leaving the second place with 10billion yuan. You know, last year, Tsinghua had a budget of 31.7 billion yuan. The increase of 4.5 billion yuan alone is equivalent to the annual budget of Beijing University of Posts and telecommunications and other universities

The second place is not Peking University, but Zhejiang University, with an annual budget of 26.1 billion yuan.

In contrast, the budget of Peking University this year has also decreased by 200million yuan

Overall, in 2022, there will be 20 universities with a total budget of more than 10 billion yuan, of which the University of science and technology of China and Xiamen University are two new “players”.

The budgets of the “seven sons of national defense” have also increased considerably.

In addition, the performance of local colleges and universities is eye-catching. For example, Shenzhen University has a budget of 8billion yuan (the budget of the headquarters is 5.6 billion yuan), which ranks among the top 30 in the budget ranking of more than 700 colleges and universities in China, and is very eye-catching among 985/211 universities.

Figure source planet data school

Therefore, how do the budget funds of major universities come from? What are the reasons for the budget differences between different universities? Where will the money go?

Tsinghua adds another 4.5 billion yuan

On the whole, the construction of “double first-class” universities has an absolute advantage. Science and engineering universities have more funds than liberal arts, but most of them have increased.

The top five are: Tsinghua University (36.211 billion yuan), Zhejiang University (26.103 billion yuan), Peking University (21.929 billion yuan), Shanghai Jiaotong University (20.42 billion yuan), Sun Yat sen University (19.305 billion yuan), plus Fudan University with 17.155 billion yuan. These six universities have dominated the list for three consecutive years.

Generally speaking, in addition to financial appropriations, university funds also include three major parts: career income and other income.

Business income: refers to the income from teaching, scientific research and auxiliary activities in Colleges and universities. It also includes income from education and scientific research.

Educational undertakings include tuition fees, accommodation fees, entrusted training fees, examination fees, training fees and other income from educational undertakings, including academic education and non academic education.

The income from scientific research includes the income from undertaking scientific research projects, carrying out scientific research cooperation, scientific and technological consulting, etc.

Other income: including investment income, donation income, rental income, interest income from bank deposits, cash inventory income, etc.

Taking Tsinghua University, which had a total budget of 31.7 billion yuan last year and an additional 4.5 billion yuan this year, as an example, the budget departments involved include not only Tsinghua university level, but also Tsinghua University Affiliated Middle School, Tsinghua University Affiliated Primary School, Beijing Huaxin hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University), Tsinghua University Yuquan hospital (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University) and Beijing Tsinghua Jiehua kindergarten.

Tsinghua University spent 36.2 billion yuan this year, of which 5.7 billion came from general public budget allocations (that is, financial allocations, 1.36 billion more than last year), and 600million came from government funds; 13.7 billion came from business income (an increase of 1.07 billion over last year); 6billion came from other income (270Million more than last year).

It can be seen that the proportion of financial appropriations is not the largest.

Generally speaking, colleges and universities of the same level are not much different in the allocation. For example, the general public budget allocation income of Zhejiang University this year is 4.159 billion yuan, and that of Peking University is about 5.171 billion yuan.

What really makes the difference is the money that colleges and universities “earn”, that is, the business income and other income that account for the majority.

For example, the business income of Zhejiang University this year is about 9.15 billion yuan, and that of Peking University this year is only about 7.122 billion yuan, 4.6 billion yuan and 6.6 billion yuan less than that of Tsinghua University.

(the difference is almost catching up with / has caught up with their one-year financial allocation.)

Back to Tsinghua University’s annual revenue budget, the above items add up to only about 25.5 billion. Where does the remaining 10billion come from?

The answer is carried forward from the previous year.

And the use of non-financial appropriation balances (5.988 million yuan) that are negligible in comparison.

(balance of non-financial appropriations, the funds that use the balance of non-financial appropriations accumulated in previous years to make up the gap between revenue and expenditure in this year)

According to the above table, Tsinghua University has a balance of 10.6 billion yuan in 2021, accounting for only the largest business income; Last year, Tsinghua spent a total of 31.7 billion yuan, equivalent to nearly one-third of the huge amount.

Is that reasonable?

In fact, this is mainly due to the impact of unfinished scientific research projects.

Generally speaking, the time limit for the completion of basic theoretical research is 3-5 years, and the time limit for the completion of applied countermeasure research is 2-3 years. Therefore, it is difficult to settle this part of expenditure in the current year. In addition to Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University also carried forward about 10.089 billion yuan last year, and Peking University carried forward 5.628 billion yuan.

So where does Tsinghua University intend to spend the 36.2 billion yuan?

In this table, we focus on the expenditure. We can see that it is divided into nine major items. The largest one is education expenditure, which is 25billion yuan, accounting for 70% of the total expenditure, and an increase of about 4billion yuan compared with last year.

In addition to the 7.38 billion yuan carried forward to the next year, the expenditure on health care (1.7 billion yuan), science and Technology (860million yuan), social security and employment (650million yuan), housing security (470million yuan) and industrial information expenditure on resource exploration (110million yuan) are listed below.

Specifically, the major expenditures are divided into primary education, high school education, higher education (accounting for 85% of the education expenditure), education expenditure for studying abroad in China, teacher training, institutional operation, laboratories and related facilities, high-tech research, construction of scientific and technological talent team, fuel treatment fund, provident fund, house purchase subsidy, lottery public welfare fund and other large and small projects.

PS. an interesting algorithm. If you don’t look at the purpose of these budgets, you can share them equally among each school teacher, student and student. How much can you get per capita?

Well, Tsinghua University, with 63773 teachers and students, still ranks first with an average of 567800 yuan per person.

Why have these college budgets changed so much?

Although the budget of Tsinghua University seems to have increased a lot, in fact, from the perspective of growth rate, the fluctuation is small——

According to the statistics of the planet data school, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of Tsinghua university budget is about 8%.

In contrast, the compound annual growth rate of the budgets of several universities has exceeded 30%, such as Harbin Institute of technology, Yunnan University, Nanchang University, etc.

What are the characteristics of these colleges and universities with fast budget growth?

On the one hand, there are many universities directly under the Ministry of industry and information technology, that is, from the “seven sons of national defense”.

For example, the budget of Harbin Engineering University has increased from 3.47 billion in 2021 to 5.49 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of nearly 58%;

Harbin Institute of technology, the university with the highest budget among the “seven sons of national defense”, increased from 10.8 billion in 2021 to 14.42 billion this year; The compound annual growth rate of Nanjing University of technology is 29.8%

It is worth mentioning that the expenditure of Beiyou, other than the “seven sons of national defense”, has also increased in the past two years, from 2.92 billion in 2020 to 4.51 billion this year.

On the other hand, among the universities with remarkable budget growth, there are many provincial universities, that is, local universities.

For example, the budget of Nanchang University in Jiangxi Province increased from 2.28 billion in 2020 to 4.11 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of 34.4%; The compound annual growth rate of Yunnan University reached 66.2%.

In addition, Shanghai University (35.5%) and Hainan University (43.8%) are also local universities.

There are two main reasons for the increase in the budgets of these local colleges and universities.

One of the reasons, of course, is the strong support of local governments, such as Nanchang University.

This year, the financial allocation of Nanchang University reached 1.428 billion, an increase of more than 200million over the previous year.

Meanwhile, unlike Tsinghua University, which “saves” tens of billions or tens of billions each year, Nanchang University has a balance of 390million in 2020, but the 2021 budget has not been carried forward to the next year:

This means that the expenditure of Nanchang University has increased a lot in the past two years, one of which is the public expenditure (expenditure on goods and services and capital expenditure), which has increased by hundreds of millions.

Specifically, public expenditure mainly refers to the expenses incurred by the school in carrying out normal education and teaching, scientific research activities, and maintaining the normal operation of the whole school.

The second reason is also related to department changes, that is, the new subsidiary bodies.

For example, Yunnan University has added a new Affiliated Hospital (the former Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province), and the budget of this hospital will also be included in the budget of the University.

Since the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University reported a budget of 1.67 billion yuan at the beginning of the year in 2021, the budget of Yunnan University also increased a lot.

In addition to these two points, reasons such as the expansion of enrollment scale will also lead to an increase in the total budget.

On the whole, the budget of local universities this year exceeded 3billion yuan, mainly distributed in economically developed areas such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, such as Shanghai University, Shenzhen University, Guangzhou University, Suzhou University, etc.

Among them, the budget of Shenzhen University headquarters has reached 5.6 billion yuan, which can be said to be the top 1 in the budget of local universities.

But, there are both increases and decreases. Indeed, this year, many universities’ budgets have declined, but most of them are about 2%.

Some special ones, such as Beijing Film Academy and Beijing University of information technology, saw their compound annual growth rate drop by more than 30%.

However, if you look closely, these two schools are related to the infrastructure of the new campus.

Beijing University of information technology has built a new campus in 2021, which also leads to no new financial allocation for infrastructure projects in 2022, about 200million yuan less; In addition, a decrease of 500million yuan came from the reduction of capital construction project funds carried forward and the adjustment of business development planning.

The construction fund of Beijing Film Academy has been reduced since Huairou campus began to be used in 2021; In addition, the new campus uses more funds, resulting in less balance (saved money) in 2021.

So it seems that the budget changes of colleges and universities actually have to be analyzed by specific schools.

One More Thing

It is worth mentioning that the Chinese Academy of Sciences (a comprehensive national scientific research institution) which is not a university is not on the list this time.

However, from the perspective of budget, the budget of CAS has also increased rapidly in recent years, reaching 162.131 billion yuan this year. Compared with 100.47 billion yuan in 2021, the budget has increased by more than 60 billion yuan:

At the same time, the budget of the University of science and technology of China under the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also increased a lot in recent years.

Specifically, the budget of USTC has increased from 7.25 billion in 2020 to 13.38 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of 35.9%.

Of course, the funds are not given in vain. In fact, among the funds given by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the University of science and technology and the National University of science and technology, there are KPIs for the “basic scientific research business expenses of Central Universities”.

The total amount of this fund is 169million yuan, but there are also strict performance indicators corresponding to it, such as more than 100 excellent papers and more than 50 scientific research projects.

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