In 2021, 2.9 billion people in the world are still offline From ITU

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The new 2021 edition of facts and figures released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) shows that the number of global Internet users has increased by more than 10% in the first year of the pandemic, and the number of people who have used the Internet has soared from 4.1 billion in 2019 to 4.9 billion in 2021. This is the largest annual growth in the past decade.

The strong growth since 2019 is mainly driven by the growth of developing countries, whose Internet penetration has risen by more than 13%. Among the 46 least developed countries (LDCs) identified by the United Nations, the average increase was more than 20%.

However, ITU data confirm that there are still serious inequalities in connectivity.

Of the 2.9 billion people still offline, an estimated 96 per cent live in developing countries. Even among the 4.9 billion people counted as “Internet users”, hundreds of millions of people occasionally get access to the Internet through sharing devices or using connection speeds that significantly limit their connection effectiveness.

Many “digital excluded” people face severe challenges, including poverty, illiteracy, inadequate power supply, and lack of digital skills and awareness.

The main conclusions of the report are as follows:

The digital gender gap is narrowing globally, but there is still a huge gap in poorer countries.

● globally, an average of 62% of men use the Internet, compared with 57% of women.

• although the digital gender gap is narrowing in all regions of the world and has been basically eliminated in developed countries (89% of men and 88% of women surf the Internet), there is still a huge gap between the least developed countries (31% of men and only 19% of women) and landlocked developing countries (38% of men and only 27% of women).

● the gender gap remains significant in Africa (35% of men and 24% of women) and the Arab States (68% of men and 56% of women).

Although the urban-rural gap is not so serious in developed countries, it remains a major challenge for digital connectivity in the rest of the world.

● globally, people in urban areas are twice as likely to use the Internet as those in rural areas (76% in cities and 39% in rural areas).

● in developed economies, the urban-rural gap in Internet use seems negligible (89 per cent of people in urban areas have used the Internet in the past three months, compared with 85 per cent in rural areas), while in developing countries, people in urban areas are twice as likely to use the Internet as those in rural areas (72 per cent in urban areas and 34 per cent in rural areas).

● in the least developed countries (LDC), urban residents are almost four times more likely to use the Internet than those living in rural areas (47% in urban areas and 13% in rural areas).

There is a clear intergenerational gap in all regions of the world.

● on average, 71% of the world’s population aged 15-24 are using the Internet, compared with 57% of all other age groups.

● this intergenerational gap is reflected in all regions. This is most evident in the least developed countries, where 34 per cent of young people have access to the Internet, compared with 22 per cent of the rest of the population.

● the increase in the number of young people online augurs well for connectivity and development. For example, in the least developed countries, half of the population is under the age of 20, indicating that as the younger generation enters the labour market, the local labour market will gradually become more connected and skilled.

The digital divide is still evolving globally.

● ITU figures also point to a clear gap between the availability of digital networks and actual connections. Although 95% of the world’s people can theoretically access 3G or 4G mobile broadband networks, billions of them are not connected.

● affordability of equipment and services remains a major obstacle. The widely accepted goal of affordable broadband connectivity in developing countries is to set the cost of entry-level mobile broadband packages at 2% of gross national income (GNI) per capita. However, in some of the world’s poorest countries, the cost of Internet access may reach 20% or more of gross national income per capita, which is shocking.

● lack of digital skills and understanding of the benefits of online connectivity is another bottleneck, coupled with the lack of content in local languages and interfaces that require literacy and computing skills, which many people do not have.

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