Drinking one or two glasses of wine a day is equivalent to two years of aging From Journal of natural communication
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On March 8, Beijing time, according to foreign media reports, at present, the latest research of scientists is based on the data of 36000 people. The statistical results show that drinking one or two glasses of wine a day will have a certain change on the brain, which is equivalent to aging for two years, and the death toll caused by excessive drinking is even more.
The scientific connection between alcoholism and brain health is very clear: alcoholism can lead to deterioration of brain health. People who drink for a long time will change their brain structure and volume, and directly affect cognitive impairment.
But according to the latest research, even at what most people think is a moderate level of drinking – drinking a few glasses of beer or wine a week may pose a certain risk to the brain. A research team from the University of Pennsylvania analyzed the data of more than 36000 adults and found that mild to moderate drinking can reduce the total volume of the brain.
The researchers pointed out that the greater the amount of alcohol consumed with age, the stronger the harm to the brain. For example, when a person is 50 years old, as the average daily amount of alcohol consumed by an individual increases from one alcohol unit (about half a bottle of beer) to two alcohol units, his brain will age by two years compared with other non drinkers of the same age; Increasing from 2 alcohol units to 3 alcohol units is three years older than non drinkers of the same age. The findings were published in the recently published journal Nature communications.
The results of the study are in sharp contrast to the guidelines for safe drinking limits proposed by relevant institutions. For example, although some National Institutes of alcohol abuse and alcoholism have recommended that women should drink no more than one cup a day, men should drink no more than two cups, but in fact, this amount of alcohol has exceeded the drinking limit that affects the decline of brain volume.
Previously, scientists have conducted a large number of studies to investigate the relationship between drinking and brain health, but the results are not clear. Although there is strong evidence that heavy drinking can lead to changes in brain structure, including a significant reduction in brain gray matter and white matter, other studies have shown that moderate drinking may not have an effect, and even a small amount of drinking may be beneficial to the brain of the elderly.
However, these early findings lack the support of large data sets. In the current latest study, the researchers used a data set with genetic and medical information of 500000 middle-aged and elderly people, especially the brain MRI of more than 36000 adults in this data set, which can be used to calculate the gray matter and white matter volume of different regions of the brain. Having such a data set is like having a magnifying glass or a more powerful microscope and telescope. With a better solution, you can see patterns and associations that have not been observed before.
In order to better understand the possible link between alcohol consumption and the brain, it is important to control the confounding variables that may affect this relationship. The team analyzed the subjects’ age, height, hand habits, gender, BMI, body mass index, smoking status, socio-economic location, genetic background and place of residence. They also corrected the brain volume data.
It is reported that the respondents answered the survey questions about their alcohol consumption, from complete abstinence to an average of four or more alcohol units per day. When the researchers grouped the respondents according to the average consumption level, there was a small but very obvious difference pattern: the volume of gray matter and white matter in the brain decreased, which may be reflected by other characteristics of the individual.
Drinking zero to one alcohol unit a day has little effect on brain capacity, but from one to two or three alcohol units, it will lead to a reduction in the volume of gray matter and white matter, which is not a linear change. The more people drink, the worse their brain health becomes. Even if alcoholics were excluded from the analysis, the association remained, and scientists found that lower brain volume was not limited to any one brain region.
To better understand this effect, the researchers compared the reduction of brain volume caused by drinking with that caused by aging. According to their analytical model, drinking an additional alcohol unit a day on average will lead to a greater aging response. The average daily intake from 0 to 1 alcohol unit is equivalent to half a year of aging, but the average daily intake from 0 to 4 alcohol units is equivalent to 10 years of aging.
The study focused on average alcohol consumption, but it is curious whether drinking one glass of beer a day is better than not drinking on weekdays but seven on weekends. There is evidence that drinking too much water is harmful to the brain, but there has been no in-depth study. In addition, the researchers hope to clarify some causality rather than correlation, which may be related to longitudinal biomedical data sets that track the age of young people. These effects may be observed over time and teased out causality together with genetics.
There is evidence that the impact of drinking on the brain varies exponentially, so drinking one more drink a day may have a greater impact than any drink of the day, which means that reducing the intake of the last drink in the evening may have a great impact on reducing brain aging.
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